Earlier this week Gregg and Marcy described their experiences of the massive public safety failure DC’s incompetent police force and the incompetent Inaugural planners inflicted on hundreds of thousands of guests they’d invited to Washington for January 20.
After nearly a decade, the large US social justice protests have pretty much dwindled away. While they were more frequent, organizers had a chance to compare a whole bunch of cities’ crowd control capacitities. On the crowd control learning curve, DC seems stuck well behind NYC, LA, and even LA’s suburb Pasadena.
Crowd control planning is algebra with monitors and — if it comes to it — people with barricades and horses. The Mall holds X people (finite number:
The mall isn’t getting bigger and Americans sure aren’t getting smaller). The number of access points onto the Mall hasn’t changed. Allowing people to move onto the Mall required some genius to calculate how many folks the Mall held (1.2 million?), divide that by the number of access points, and then do the simple math to determine how many people need to move through an access point in an hour to allow the place to fill up by showtime. Every year in little old Pasadena, California the Rose Parade – with some searches — brings well over one million people into a tightly controlled area within a matter of hours.
The Rose Bowl does this once every year (with searches), as does Santa Anita race track dozens of weekends of a year, both hosting a little over 100,000 guests. Even though the Inauguration may draw ten times (or twenty times) that number, at every individual access point the calculation is the same: how many people need to move through per hour to keep the crowd flowing?
Knowing how many folks have to pass through a checkpoint per hour to allow the crowd to move into the event allows competent event planners to plan how many people and search stations to deploy at each entry point. Competent event planners who care about public safety will order their uniformed staff to show up early enough to let people in, rather than stay in bed (or line up four deep on a parade route) while crowds filled with out-of-towners lacking proper cold weather gear pile up in deadly cold outside of understaffed checkpoints.
Competent event planners choose lines that are – well – linear, rather than intersecting. Competent event planners choose to open access points as early as required to allow the crowds to move into the event site beofre the event starts. Competent crowd control never moves more density into overcrowded areas.
Compared to NYC, LA, and Seattle, the DC cops’ crowd control has been incompetent for years. With the Inauguration’s bottomless security budget and the 50:1 crowd:cop ratio, DC had the resources to accomplish the task. For whatever reason, they chose to deploy those resources three and four deep along the parade route, yet failed to deploy adequate "gate check" resources.
From a public health perspective, prolonged cold exposure in underprepared crowds can be even more catastrophic than prolonged heat exposure. We had a nifty chance to compare during the "A16" April 2000 IMF protests in DC: blazing sun (dehydration and "heat exhaustion") one day: snow on the ground the next day (hypothermia and frostbite). Cold injuries are far easier to prevent, however: heating stations do nicely. Of course, that requires crowd planners who put public safety first.
For people who’ll be in the cold for hours, keeping them standing increases the burn rate of finite energy stores they’ll need to stay warm. It’s also rude. Though it didn’t happen this time, the DC Police’s repeated failures to protect the civil rights and the public safety of large crowds can also kill. I hope Gregg’s post, Marcy’s post, and growing public attention finally move DC to dump the dullards who keep screwing up competent crowd control and hire folks from places that get it right.




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good evening, Kirk
Digg
Hey, Dr. K.
Hi Doc…… the Mall access was one big pig mess….. why couldn’t the cops who worked the parade route first work the access to the Mall? There was several hours between the ceremony and the parade….
What is the explanation for DC’s repeated failures to get it right?
winter coats
dr dick, did you that see i sent you FB mail?
Dr.K.,
I was in D.C. just last month (early December) and LOVED, LOVED the Mall and the museums. We had such a wonderful time in off season. I’ve been there in July for fireworks (I must have been insane to think that was fun), and attended the 1971 Moratoriam March. Crowd control was insane in 1971, and I have a very nice FBI record for attending. Hiya Feds!
i wonder how much of the trouble with the inaugural was too many people deciding where resources would be dedicated.
pretty slow this evening…… been looking for a natural treatment for my nausea….. never thought about Ginger…… ginger tea, ginger snaps…. will get or make the tea tomorrow but eating a handful of snaps….. it seems to be working….
oh, right. and they have known for how many decades that the 2009 Inaugural would be held in January? (I forget how long it has been since it was moved from March).
or is it that they were hoping and praying for a wave of Global Warming to hit the DC area at this opportune time?
Candied ginger. Got me through my pregnancy unscathed.
If you can get them, ginger altoids work too.
Think I will head to the health food store tomorrow…… I guess ginger ale isn’t made with ginger anymore. Want to make a big pitcher of tea and then sip it through out the day……..
your local grocery story should stock fresh ginger in the produce section katymine.
It’s those assumptions, Doc, that do you in! It’s been a while since competence was a quality that was sought out or rewarded in most fields of endeavor. In fact, it has become a outright liability in many places, as intra-office politics and just plain old sycophantic ass kissing are in the vogue now among those wishing to get ahead. But there might, just might, be a sea change sweeping the Country…
easy to make candied ginger slices
actually I grow it in a pot in my yard. Last summer the greens grew 3-4 feet high and never harvested it during all my adventures this last six months…..
late late nite upstairs
Thanks for the ginger help…. the 4 snaps seems to settle my stomach…… When I was pregnant my morning sickness was evening sickness. What worked for me was a cup of hot milk, not warm, hot. It isn’t working this time…….
heading off to bed …. good night everyone
Who was in charge?
I’m not clear that there was any one agency running this thing, which I would say is the real problem. The inauguration committee that is in charge of the thing is part Congress, part military, and part presidental campaign, with unlcear lines of command and control to yet anmother set of agencies that have to implement what is planned. If you were going to single out one agency for blame, that probably shouldn’t be the DC govt, though I’m not clear that the author means them when he refers to “DC”. DC is, of course, not really run by its own govt, but is a bastard step-child of Congress. If you think that’s a bad idea, with all sorts of bad practical consequences, welcome to the DC statehoood movement.
This step-child status is, I think, in evidence in the whole idea of having a ticketed section for the inauguration. My understanding, and I only walked around part of the non-ticketed area, from 7th St to 14th St, was that the dangerous crowd situations were only seen around the entrances to the ticketed areas. While the area of the Mall close enough to see anything going on on the steps of the Capitol directly was going to be at some extra risk of dangerously high crowd compression; doing anything but making this area first-come-first-served, just like the rest of the Mall, all by itself, no matter how the access for these entitled demanders was handled, was going to create a difficult crowd control situation. But doling out favors to the privileged few is all that Congress knows how to do anymore, so we were saddled with an unworkable separate area for various degrees of privilege. I don’t know who handled the actual access to these ticketed areas, because I was a volunteer with the campaign, and we only supported the non-ticketed area, so I can only speculate. It is possible that the Congressional committee didn’t let folks with any crowd-control experience, like the police, in on the planning of access to the ticketed area because they didn’t want any extraneous real-world considerations interfering in their supervision of this little perk. Our dysfunctional federal legislature displayed in miniature.
Once you got out into the non-ticketed area, I did not see dangerous crowd densities, because distance from the action at every spot was so great that there was no pressure to compress towards any one area. This left enough room for people to move around, which, under the weather conditions present that day, was sufficient to prevent frostbite. Adequate clothing should have been sufficient to prevent hypothermia under such conditions as well. More extreme cold might indeed have made warming tents a necessity, but I really can’t see that being possible for a crowd of 1.2 million anyway. The only reasonable plan if conditions had been so extreme as to render warminmg tents a necessity, would have been to simply call off the outdoor, public, ceremony, and not allow people access to the Mall. The scenario I feared was initially marginal, but still reasonable, conditions, say about like what we actually had, that worsened suddenly and unexpectedly around 10:00, after so many had already gathered that just getting them back to their homes rapidly enough to avoid widespread cold weather casualties was no longer possible.
There are limits to centralized control of what is designed to be a public event. Individuals have to exercise reasonable judgement about what sort of weather they ought to be spending hours exposed to. Yes, needless risk of dangerous crowd compression should be avoided by not letting a system of privileged access create unnecessary chokepoints in just the area at most inherent risk for high density anyway. But here too, people with experience of our system of government need to understand the risks and exercise caution about even accepting, much less seeking, privileged status from folks who, thankfully, really, don’t manage privilege too well.
If you want a safe and enjoyable inauguration experience next time, just join the rest of us great unwashed in the non-ticketed area. Democracy works better than aristocracy.
Contrary to Mr. Murphy’s assertions, DC was not in charge of security. If you looked, DCPD was not posted at any of the checkpoints. I’m not sure why you think LA is such model for police competence with crowds, but I have seen the DC police regularly handle large protests (e.g., Roe v. Wade days), the annual massive Fourth of July picnic on the Mall, World Bank/IMF protests, jams from multiple foreign dignitaries and their many motorcades. DC can handle crowds. This city does crowds and security. But this was not their party to handle. But I agree that whoever was in charge had no idea what they were doing and there should be an investigation.
I would also disagree with gtomkins who asserts that things were fine once you got out of the ticketed areas. I was nearly crushed in the less-publicized, but still horrible, 7th & E parade entrance gate. There was no line, there was no control–just a wall-to-wall sea of people that stretched for blocks, and some secret service guy coming out and yelling, “everyone will have to move back” when the crowd stretched for two blocks. And if you were lucky enough to get through security (as we were), there was plenty of room. I could have used the port-o-potty every hour for the next 6 hours I was out there–because everyone was stuck on the other side of the gate.
I think that the people running the show were banking on their experience with the Bush inaugurations and, as has happened with the past administration over and over, had a failure of imagination–they refused to believe the scale of the issue that the numbers were telling them. So they closed their eyes, crossed their fingers, and hoped…and totally botched the job.
My remarks were intended to apply to the Mall only, which is where I was volunteering. I did notice, after the closed the 12th St/Independence Ave entrance to the Mall where I was posted, and I could walk around a bit, the beginnings of a potentially nasty situation at the 12th St entrance to the parade route. This was about 8:00 and there was already a dangerously dense and large crowd pressed against the entrance gate, with no supervision in sight. This fits in with what indcgirl says about the 7th St entrance to the parade route.
Again, I was a volunteer on the Mall, and we weren’t briefed in detail about the parade route plan, so I’m not even very knowledgable about even the campaign’s role in handling access to the parade route. But it seems to me that trying to control access, and having a complicated system of variable access (some people get reserved seating in bleachers, the great unwashed have to scramble in for first-come-first-served standing room) creates an unnecessarily hard to control situation. Granted that for the parade route, as opposed to the ticketed area on the Mall, there were security concerns that would make controlling access desirable for reasons other than to simply create zones of privilege for Congresscritters to control access to. So, yes, get rid of the bleachers and make everyone on the route equal, but there is still some valid security rationale to control access to the route that would leave a difficult to manage crowd situation at the entrances. But if we really think it’s too dangerous to have the new president parade down Pennsylvania Ave through an unfiltered populace, maybe we just need to end this tradition. But, yes, if we don’t want to end the parade, but still think we need to do the metal detector thing on the parade spectators, we definitely need crowd control at the entrance points capable of handling the load.
Not wanting to sound like a party pooper or worse a repub, I don’t think anyone was forced to be there were they? Except for infants brought by their parents, everyone had the choice to go or stay. When they walked outside first thing in the morning they could tell how cold it was. They could listen to the weather report. There is no reason there should have been any medical emergencies due to the cold except for the ignorant or the stupid. As for myself I stayed home, warm with a nice bathroom fifteen feet away and watched our new President take his rightful place in history. In Hi-def no less.
My experience is my own, but I got into the silver section just fine. Pictures at http://www.yourethedecider.com/
It did seem a bit crowded, but once I got through security I was able to choose a place near the jumbotron and walk around just fine. My cousin was watching on TV and said that maybe 100 people went to the medical tents. Out of 2 million. I mean, c’mon that’s a great percentage. Yeah, I was freaking cold. My feet were colder standing around trying to get into the gate. Once I got in place, I put on my toastie toes and was just fine the rest of the day. Well, I did get dehydrated a bit from the wind because I didn’t want to have to use the portapotty…..
I feel sorry for the people in the tunnel. At the same time, for me it was all about just being close to BHO on that day. I had zero expectations around seeing anything, since the silver section was so far away. I figured I’d see it all later on TV better anyway, but the importance of the ticket was being near in space and time. The folks in the tunnel were still close in space and time.
There were many many people contributing to the security of the event, from national guardsmen just being present, to snipers on roofs to the folks doing security at the event. I was personally amazed that the only really bad event of the day was the 68-year-old lady who fell onto the metro tracks but was pulled to safety.
Think about that there were no big fights. BHO is alive and well. So many people I talked to were nervous the whole day that something would happen to him, that some supremacist nutjob would figure out a way to do him in. Or that Bush would do something besides order china and shaft BHO on Blair House.
FWIW, I guess I was a privileged few, with a silver ticket, but all I did to get it was call Nancy Pelosi’s Washington office and leave a message on an answering machine. I think I’m ok with there being a few sections for people like me, who had to arrange a long trip to get there, to have a guaranteed spot, rather than going there, then having to fight 2 million people for the best spot. That just gives right to might.
I’m sure everyone did the best job they could under the circumstances. (This doesn’t mean that one shouldn’t strive for improvement.) But I did watch the local cable access channel and they had every agency on saying what they were doing for crowd control. Also, please remember that perhaps some security arrangements were changing regularly (such as what time gates open) in order that no nutjob could plan accordingly. This might have inconvenienced me, but I preferred that inconvenience to a dead BHO.
I guess I’m sorry that anyone had a bad time. I’m just privileged to have been there, and even happier with my Gitmo and Mitchell ponies.
I think it was the Competent Cookie Jar that Marion Barry raided when he bought all that blow. DC has not been competent for decades, and I lived there from 1978 – 2008, plus 1969 – 1972. Don’t try to register a car there without long-term health insurance for the wait in line.
Again, DC was not the primary planner for this event’s logistics, so stop dumping on it, please. DC is far more competent than it gets credit for (e.g., I lost my license, went online to pay for it and received a replacement in the mail 2 DAYS LATER).
Anyway, I decided to do a few calculations to see what the needed capacity was vs. the actual capacity:
Expected parade crowd size: 300,000
# entrances: 13
Estimated # gates per entrance: 4
Estimated people processed per minute per gate (this is generous and assumes no issues): 8
Total # people per minute, all gates: 416
# minutes needed: 721
# hours needed: 12
So they really needed 12 hours to get everyone for the parade they expected through the gates, barring any issues. That’s why it was a mess.
Thanks for the math example.
For the sake of discussion, let’s assume the numbers are valid.
The flaw is in the conclusion. Competent event planners don’t impose a 12 hour delay at the gates” thery pan for (foot) traffic flow, not traqffic occlusion.
Competent planners increase either number of entrances and/or gates per exit until the traffic flow does not require twelve hour delays.
WRT DCPD’s purported comeptence in crowd control: that’s where the legal part comes in. At the IMF/WB protests, the DCPD simply coralled people and arrested them in large groups with not pretense of probable cause. They ended up paying out in Federal Court for this carefully planned and wholly illegal act. On the A16 protest a day or so later, DCPD weren’t nearly as capable of controlling non-permitted “breakaway” marches than were the coleagues in LA or Philly.
Aside from illegally arresting groups that aren’t marching and failing to corral unpermitted marches, the DCPD have that whole crowd control stuff down, apparently.
Even the WaPo figures out DCPD failed to adequately implement the plan and were responsible for approving the crowd control plan: